What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting PERK in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

April 5, 2026

Abstract 7305: Evaluating the unfolded protein response as a therapeutic target in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients

Key Points

The aim is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting PERK in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
Retrospective analysis of three independent ccRCC patient datasets
Estimation of PERK activity from transcriptome data
Generation of PERK knockout model using CRISPR in ccRCC cell lines
Assessment of cell viability after treatment with PERK inhibitor AMG44 and cabozantinib
Increased PERK expression correlates with higher progression risk and poorer overall survival in ccRCC patients
PERK inhibition with AMG44, combined with ER stressor thapsigargin, significantly reduced ccRCC cell viability
PERK-silenced cells showed decreased viability after exposure to cabozantinib.

Abstract

Abstract Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an incurable and lethal disease. While treatment of ccRCC has shifted toward antiangiogenic and immunotherapy combinations, long-term response is rare, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic targets. We previously demonstrated in a murine model that therapeutic targeting of the unfolded protein response (UPR) via the mediator PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) can reverse tumor progression, immune suppression, and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) (Mandula et al. Cancer Cell. 2022). Early-phase clinical studies are now evaluating PERK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in solid tumors, including ccRCC. Here, we performed a retrospective analysis of patients with ccRCC using an analytical framework to estimate PERK activity from transcriptome data. We evaluated three independent ccRCC patient data sets - iATLAS patients treated with ICB (n = 296), ORIEN AVATAR patients treated with ICB (n = 85), and a TCGA treatment-naive cohort (n = 534). Across these datasets, PERK expression was associated with increased progression risk and worse overall survival. To evaluate the role of PERK in the context of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, we generated a PERK knockout model using CRISPR gRNA in ccRCC cell lines and then challenged the cells with an ER stressor, thapsigargin. Interestingly, we found cytoplasmic vacuolization reminiscent of an unresolved unfolded protein response, ER swelling, and proteostasis disruption. Moreover, joint treatment with the PERK inhibitor AMG44 and thapsigargin significantly reduced viability in ccRCC cells. To further assess the therapeutic potential of PERK inhibition during standard-of-care therapy, we evaluated its impact during VEGF blockade. We observed decreased cell viability in PERK-silenced cells following cabozantinib (VEGF inhibitor) exposure, either through drug inhibition or genetic deletion. In summary, as clinical interest in PERK inhibition (PERKi) grows across multiple solid tumors, our findings highlight PERK as a potential therapeutic target in ccRCC and identify associated biomarkers that may inform future clinical strategies. Citation Format: Timothy Shaw, Thushara Madanayake, Darwin Chang, Jay Mandula, Alyssa Obermayer, George J. Weiner, Dan Spakowicz, Bodour Salhia, Martin McCarter, Susanne Arnold, Aakrosh Ratan, Sheri L. Holmen, Stephen B. Edge, Julian Acevedo, Ayanambakkam Attanathi, Robert J. Rounbehler, Michelle Churchman, Ahmad Tarhini, Jose R. Conejo-Garcia, Brandon J. Manley, Paulo C. Rodriguez. Evaluating the unfolded protein response as a therapeutic target in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients abstract. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2026; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2026 Apr 17-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2026;86(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 7305.

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