Although further validation is required, the Cosmological Constant (Λ)Problem has been provisionally addressed within the current framework. Although further validation is required, the Fine-Structure Constant (α)Problem has been provisionally addressed within the current framework. AbstractWe call it dark matter because we cannot see it, and dark energy becausewe do not understand it. Both names reflect our limitations rather than thenature of the things themselves. This paper proposes that what isconventionally termed dark matter is more precisely Fundamental Matter(FM) — the basic form of matter, interacting solely through gravity — andthat what is conventionally termed dark energy is more preciselyFundamental Energy (FE) — the basic expansive property of space,symmetric to gravity.Version 1.6 introduces a unifying thermodynamic observation: both FM andFE are inert with respect to entropy. FM exists at maximum entropy andtherefore does not change. FE has zero entropy as a uniform property ofspace. Ordinary matter, by contrast, undergoes entropic change: it cycles,complexifies, and gives rise to structure, chemistry, and life. This is thefundamental reason why FM and FE persist across cosmological transitionswhile ordinary matter does not.Version 1.6 also resolves the cosmological constant problem: vacuumenergy belongs to the matter sector (extractable via Hawking radiation)while FE is a property of space itself (not extractable by any black holemechanism). Their conflation generated the 10¹²² discrepancy. Onceseparated, the problem dissolves. Furthermore, baryonic asymmetry isproposed as a structural consequence of the inherited inhomogeneous FMdistribution — a mechanism complementary to and consistent with recentwork by Ambrosone et al. (2022) on black-hole-mediated baryogenesis.Version 2.0 demonstrates that the 10¹²² discrepancy is not a fine-tuningproblem — it is a boundary problem. Pauli (1933) observed that vacuumzero-point energy does not gravitationally interact; Cohen, Kaplan this model provides the physicalmechanism via FM’s Equivalent Exchange Principle. Once the boundary is applied, the CKN condition recovers a vacuum energy density of ∼10⁻⁹ J/m³— within the same order of magnitude as the observed FE density of 5.36 ×10⁻¹⁰ J/m³ (Planck 2018). A discrepancy of 10¹²² orders reduces to within asingle order. Version 2.1 identifies electromagnetically inert particles —neutrinos and gravitons — as observationally accessible proxies for FMbehaviour at the event horizon, providing indirect evidence for theEquivalent Exchange Principle. Version 2.6 proposes that the fine structureconstant α emerges from the FM/FE energy inventory, conserved acrosscosmological generations by entropic invariance — establishing α as astructural consequence of this universe’s composition, not a fine-tunedcoincidence.
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Jaehwa Hong
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Jaehwa Hong (Fri,) studied this question.
www.synapsesocial.com/papers/69d1fca7a79560c99a0a2511 — DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19401171