Comparative legal analysis of criminal legislation of the Commonwealth of Independent States in the field of computer technology. Advantages, issues, and ways to solve them

The subject of the study is social relations in the field of information technology, computer systems, and their impact on the rights and freedoms of individuals and citizens, as well as the security of society and the state. The object of the research consists of the provisions of international law, Russian legislation in the examined area, norms of Russian and international law regarding the criminal legal protection of social relations that may be threatened by the use of computer technologies and information networks, including the Internet. The author points out that the existing criminal legislation of the CIS countries has both common features and differences. Based on the study of the legislation of post-Soviet countries, the author proposes a classification of offenses in the field of information technology, identifying both positive experiences and existing shortcomings in the legal regulation of the examined area. The results of the research are based on formal-logical and general scientific methods of scientific knowledge, as well as a systematic approach. Additionally, private scientific methods are employed: formal-legal, comparative-legal, and legal interpretation methods. The main conclusions of the conducted research are as follows. Overall, the criminal legislation of CIS countries has common approaches to understanding computer crimes, the use of information and telecommunication networks and technologies in the commission of socially dangerous acts. There is positive experience in both Russia and other countries that needs to be studied and implemented. This pertains to the detailed regulation of crimes involving information technology in the field of economic activity, the qualification of fraud using information systems, and bringing to criminal responsibility for illegal operations with crypto-assets and mining. There is a need to supplement the criminal laws of CIS countries regarding criminal liability for the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the commission of crimes. It requires working on issues of criminal liability for creating and violating the operation of programs that use artificial intelligence technologies, which have caused serious consequences. According to the author, liability should be placed on developers or individuals who violate the rules of their operation. The novelty of the research lies in identifying current and potential risks that pose a serious threat not only to individuals but also to society as a whole. Legal solutions for their elimination are proposed.