What question did this study set out to answer?

This research investigates the cellular mechanisms that drive the transition from adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine-like prostate cancer, focusing on the ASPORIN/CRABP2 axis.

April 5, 2026

Abstract 5573: Novel ASPORIN/CRABP2 axis drives cell-state plasticity from adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine-like prostate cancer

Key Points

This research investigates the cellular mechanisms that drive the transition from adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine-like prostate cancer, focusing on the ASPORIN/CRABP2 axis.
Developed a metastatic PCa mouse model with cMyc overexpression and Pten knockout.
Conducted global transcriptional profiling and pathway analysis in male mice with varying aggression levels.
Performed ASPORIN knockdown and overexpression in vitro to assess biological function using various assays.
Utilized RT-PCR and western blot analysis to confirm differential gene expression.”],
results”:[“The PCTPLuc mouse model exhibited an aggressive metastatic phenotype and poor survival compared to indolent control mice.
RNA-Seq analysis revealed significant ECM protein involvement with liver and lung metastasis, with ASPORIN as a top differentially expressed protein.
ASPN modulation was associated with changes in cell proliferation, differentiation, and neuroendocrine-like traits, linked to CRABP2 and other biomarkers.
ASPN and CRABP2 were significantly overexpressed in prostate cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, indicating their potential as therapeutic targets.
The PCTPLuc mouse model exhibited an aggressive metastatic phenotype and poor survival compared to indolent control mice.
RNA-Seq analysis revealed significant ECM protein involvement with liver and lung metastasis, with ASPORIN as a top differentially expressed protein.
ASPN modulation was associated with changes in cell proliferation, differentiation, and neuroendocrine-like traits, linked to CRABP2 and other biomarkers.
ASPN and CRABP2 were significantly overexpressed in prostate cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, indicating their potential as therapeutic targets.

Abstract

Abstract Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a highly lethal disease due to the rapid emergence of neuroendocrine (NE)-like variants from adenocarcinoma. It is predicted that de novo NEPC will emerge from 17% of localized PCa, while treatment-related NEPC will account for 20% of advanced PCa. Clinically, NEPC patients frequently harbor visceral metastasis (62%, P0.001) compared with CRPC patients (24%), with poor overall survival of 12-17 months. Thus, exploring the unknown mechanism underlying cell-state transition from adeno to NEPC will help identify new targets to overcome lineage plasticity and improve PCa patient survival. Methods: We developed a novel indolent and metastatic PCa mouse model by overexpressing cMyc and knocking out Pten with/without Mutant p53 (R172H). Global transcriptional profiling was performed in indolent and aggressive mice and ASPORIN (ASPN) knockdown (KD) to identify differential gene expression, biological, and pathway analyses. ASPN ectopic overexpression (OE) and KD clones confirmed ASPN biological function and on-target proteins/genes using RT-PCR and western blot analyses. ASPN in vitro function was analyzed in the Incucyte® live imaging system, colony growth assay, and proliferation assays. Results: The novel Ptenfl/fl; Hi-Myc; Trp53R172H/+; Rosa-26; PB-Cre4+ (PCTPLuc) mouse exhibits phenotypic resemblance to PCa visceral metastasis to the lung, liver, inguinal lymph node, and intestine with poor survival as compared with age-matched indolent Ptenfl/fl; Hi-Myc; Rosa-26Luc; PB-Cre4+ (PCPLuc). Unbiased RNA-Seq analysis of PCa adenocarcinoma tissues from PCTP mice revealed a significant association between unique extracellular matrix (ECM) protein clusters and liver and lung metastasis. Asporin (ASPN) emerged as the top differentially expressed ECM protein among the top 25 genes. Consistently, ASPN knockdown and overexpression were directly associated with PCa cellular phenotypes of proliferation and colony growth. Mechanistically, ASPN modulation impacts pERK, CyclinD3, EMT proteins, and a neuroendocrine-like phenotype, as well as cell differentiation-related transcriptomes such as cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABP2), along with Chromogranin A (CHGA), NeuroD1, and INSM1. Using a publicly available TCGA database, we observed a significant overexpression of ASPN and CRABP2 in PCa tissues (N=497) relative to normal (N=52) (P0.001). Finally, ASPN ectopic overexpression in immortalized RWPE-1 cells confirmed an aggressive in vitro phenotypes. Conclusion: For the first time, we explored the influence of ASPN/CRABP2 and other signaling involved in luminal epithelial to neuroendocrine differentiation and validated CRABP2 as a novel target to prevent NEPC transdifferentiation. Our findings support ASPN’s new role, mechanism(s) and as a target for PCa and other visceral metastasis disease. Citation Format: Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Shobhit Lall, Sushanta Halder, Sakthivel Muniyan, Zahraa Wajih Alsafwani, Ramakanth Chirravuri-Venkata, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Surinder K. Batra. Novel ASPORIN/CRABP2 axis drives cell-state plasticity from adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine-like prostate cancer abstract. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2026; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2026 Apr 17-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2026;86(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 5573.

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