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April 6, 2026Open Access

The Neuro-Physiological Mechanisms of Shirodhara in Sleep Disorders: An Integrative Review

Key Points

This review aims to explore the neuro-physiological mechanisms of Shirodhara for treating primary insomnia.
Review of Ayurvedic and modern literature on Shirodhara and its effects on sleep disorders.
Comparison of the properties of Tila Taila and Brahmi Taila in the context of insomnia.
Analysis of the modulation of the HPA axis and brain wave activity related to sleep.
Shirodhara demonstrates potential in modulating the HPA axis, which regulates stress responses.
Induction of alpha brain waves is linked to improved relaxation and sleep quality.
The review provides a scientific basis for using Shirodhara as a non-pharmacological treatment for insomnia.

Abstract

Primary Insomnia, correlated with Anidra in Ayurveda, has emerged as a global health crisis due to rising stress and circadian disruptions. While modern sedative-hypnotics gives immediate relief, they often carry risks of dependency and cognitive damage. Shirodhara, a specialized Ayurvedic Murdha Taila procedure, gives a non-pharmacological alternative. This review discovers the integrative mechanisms of Shirodhara, comparing the classical Vata- Shamaka properties of Tila Taila and the Medhya (nootropic) effects of Brahmi Taila. By analyzing the modulation of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and the induction of alpha brain waves, this article provides a scientific rationale for the clinical efficacy of Shirodhara in managing Primary Insomnia.

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