Tribal communities represent one of the most ancient socio-economic systems, closely integrated with nature through subsistence agriculture, forest-based livelihoods, and indigenous knowledge systems. In northern Pune district, particularly in the Khed, Ambegaon, and Junnar talukas, the Mahadev Koli tribal community traditionally depends on paddy cultivation, collection of minor forest produce, animal husbandry, fishing, and local exchange networks. In recent decades, the expansion of tourism—especially eco-tourism and cultural tourism—has emerged as a significant external force reshaping the tribal economy. This paper critically examines the traditional economic structure of tribal society in the study region and analyzes the transformations induced by tourism-related activities. Using secondary data from government reports, academic literature, and regional statistics, the study evaluates changes in income patterns, employment opportunities, market access for forest produce and handicrafts, and impacts on cultural practices and natural resources. The findings indicate that tourism has the potential to diversify livelihoods, enhance cash income, and create new opportunities for youth and women through homestays, guiding services, and cultural performances. However, the benefits remain uneven due to infrastructural gaps, environmental risks, cultural commercialization, and the dominance of external intermediaries. The study concludes that community-centered, eco-friendly tourism is essential to balance economic growth with cultural preservation and environmental sustainability, ensuring inclusive development of tribal communities in northern Pune district.
Dr. Umesh Chindhu Bhokse (Fri,) studied this question.