Navigating the Skills Gap: A Qualitative Exploration of TVET's Contribution to Human Capital Development in Uganda

{ "background": "Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is widely promoted as a key strategy for addressing skills gaps and fostering human capital development in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is limited contextual understanding of how TVET institutions in Uganda specifically contribute to this process amidst evolving labour market demands and persistent structural challenges.", "purpose and objectives": "This study aimed to explore the perceived role and contribution of TVET in developing relevant skills for Uganda's economy. Its objectives were to examine stakeholder perspectives on TVET's alignment with industry needs and to identify the enablers and constraints affecting its efficacy in human capital formation.", "methodology": "A qualitative, exploratory case study design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with purposively sampled TVET trainers, industry employers, and recent graduates. Focus group discussions were conducted with current trainees. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.", "findings": "Analysis revealed a significant misalignment between the skills taught and those demanded by the labour market, attributed largely to outdated curricula and inadequate practical training infrastructure. A prominent theme was the 'qualification-employment paradox', where graduates possessed formal certifications but lacked the practical competencies employers sought. Stakeholders emphasised that effective industry collaboration was the strongest predictor of graduate employability.", "conclusion": "The study concludes that while TVET is conceptually central to human capital development, its current contribution in Uganda is substantially hampered by systemic disconnects from the productive sector. Realising its potential requires moving beyond credentialism towards a competence-based model deeply embedded in industry practice.", "recommendations": "It is recommended that TVET policy be revised to mandate and fund structured industry placements for trainers. Curricula should be co-developed with employer panels through formalised sector skills councils. Investment should prioritise modernising workshop equipment over classroom-based expansion.", "key words": "Technical and Vocational Education and Training, skills development, human capital, graduate employability, curriculum alignment, Uganda", "contribution statement": "This paper provides novel