Title: Phase-Model Paper 02: A Phase-Gradient Closure Model for Turbulence

Version note (v2.0, 2026-04-06): This release updates editorial consistency across the Phase-Model series (Papers 01–13), including reference formatting, author-name normalization, and removal of local-path citation strings. The core model claims and rejection logic are unchanged unless explicitly stated below. This preprint proposes a phase-gradient closure model for turbulence. The framework represents unresolved inter-scale transfer through phase-field statistics, introduces a phase-driven correction term in the spectral energy equation, and defines falsifiable predictions with explicit rejection criteria.