This theoretical article examines Roman Catholic confession as a key sacramental practice for experiencing Divine Forgiveness (DF), with a focus on Spanish-speaking Catholic contexts. It argues that the theology, ritual structure, and culturally embedded relational dynamics of confession provide insights that have not been fully integrated into the psychological literature on DF. The analysis has three aims: (1) to articulate confession as a relational and mediating space for seeking and receiving DF through the sacramental stages of contrition, confession, penance, and absolution; (2) to assess leading psychological models of DF, including sequential and relational accounts of seeking and experiencing DF, and to examine their relevance and limitations for understanding sacramentally mediated forgiveness; and (3) to conceptualize the experience of confession among Spanish-speaking Catholics, examining how cultural norms of relationality, communal belonging, and pastoral authority may shape the internalization of DF. The article concludes by outlining implications for future research and pastoral practice and emphasizes the need for culturally sensitive approaches that integrate theology and psychology to better understand DF and its impact on spiritual and psychological well-being across diverse Catholic settings.
Callizo et al. (Sun,) studied this question.