Addressing Reintegration Gaps for Student Military Service Members and Veterans: Findings From a Needs Assessment

Importance: Military-to-civilian reintegration is a complex process shaped by psychological, social, occupational, and cultural transitions. Student Veterans often face barriers in higher education, including social isolation, competing responsibilities, and health challenges, with few structured supports. Occupational therapy practitioners can address these needs by promoting adaptation and meaningful participation. Purpose: To examine reintegration needs among student Veterans and inform development of Battlefield to Playing Field, an occupational therapy–informed, leisure-based pilot program to support reintegration through social participation. Participants: University stakeholders (n = 2); military-affiliated students and community members, including family (n = 22); and military-affiliated students enrolled in university summer 2024 courses (n = 14). Outcomes and Measures: Stakeholder interview data and survey responses examining reintegration needs, participation barriers, and preferred leisure and social activities. Results: Literature review and stakeholder interviews identified three domains affecting reintegration: (1) identity (re)construction and belonging, (2) participation in meaningful leisure activities, and (3) campus systems and culture. Participants expressed an interest in recreation and leisure, particularly outdoor activities, team sports, and wellness classes. Facilitators included peer support and flexible scheduling; barriers included time constraints, family obligations, health conditions, and limited awareness of opportunities. Conclusions and Relevance: Findings highlighted the need for culturally responsive, peer-driven, leisure interventions in higher education and informed development of Battlefield to Playing Field. Plain-Language Summary: Reintegration after military service involves more than jobs or health care. Many student Veterans struggle with feelings of belonging, balancing school and family responsibilities, and reestablishing social connections. In this study, we asked Veterans, students, and families what would help. Surveys and interviews revealed that sports, outdoor activities, and group recreation can help build confidence and foster connections; however, barriers—including time constraints, family responsibilities, health issues, and a lack of awareness—limit participation. These findings helped shape Battlefield to Playing Field, a new program designed to use leisure and social participation to enhance belonging, well-being, and success for student Veterans in higher education.