Epidemiology and Seasonal Trends of Pediatric Burns in North India: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center

A BSTRACT Background: Pediatric burns are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries, with significant social and economic consequences. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology, etiology, and seasonal trends of pediatric burns in a tertiary care center in North India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Burns and Plastic Surgery Department, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh, from January to December 2024. All children ≤13 years admitted with burn injuries were included. Data on age, gender, etiology, total body surface area (TBSA), time of presentation, and seasonal variation were analyzed. Results: A total of 191 pediatric burn cases were admitted, all accidental in nature. Male children ( n = 126) were nearly twice as affected as females ( n = 65). The most vulnerable age group was 1–5 years (52%), followed by 6–10 years (24%). Scalds were the predominant cause (63%), mainly from hot milk and water, followed by flame burns (18%) and electrical injuries (14%). Most of the patients (66%) sustained burns involving <15% TBSA, although critical areas such as hands, trunk, buttocks, and genitalia were frequently involved. Twenty-five children presented late, often after receiving initial care from untrained practitioners. Seasonal analysis showed the highest incidence during winter and early spring (January–March, 30%), with the lowest in July (4%). Conclusion: Pediatric burns are largely preventable domestic injuries, with scalds being most common in young children. Prevention strategies should focus on parental education, safe cooking practices, improved housing and electrical infrastructure, and timely medical access. Seasonal peaks necessitate targeted awareness and preparedness programs during high-risk months.