Indigenous Environmental Ethics and the Decolonisation of Development: Ecological Moral Agency in Rural Zimbabwe

Dominant development paradigms remain largely anthropocentric, positioning the natural environment as a passive resource rather than an active participant in development. This study analyses Indigenous environmental ethics as a decolonial framework for reconfiguring human-environment relations. Drawing on insights from Birchenough Bridge and Honde Valley in Zimbabwe, the study employs a collaborative Indigenous research methodology involving purposive and relational sampling, engaging 29 participants in Birchenough Bridge and nine in Honde Valley. Data were generated through walking discussions, storytelling, environmental observations, site visits, and co-analysis. The findings show that the environment functions as a moral agent shaping human behaviour through relational reciprocity, ecological restraint, and community governance practices. Environmental elements such as rivers, trees, soils, and seasons informed ethical conduct, risk awareness, and livelihood decisions. At the same time, the erosion of these ethics through commercialisation, religious shifts, and environmental exploitation reveals tensions between Indigenous moral systems and contemporary development pressures. The study further demonstrates how Indigenous environmental ethics contribute to advancing the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly those related to environmental justice and sustainability. It also highlights implications for eco-social policy, calling for frameworks that recognise the environment as a co-participant in development processes.