Control and operation of single‐phase grid integrated hybrid wind/solar/battery system using optimized fractional‐order proportional integral derivative controller

Abstract The increasing global energy demand, along with the intermittent nature of solar and wind resources, necessitates hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) combining PV, wind, and battery storage for reliable single‐phase grid integration. Conventional FOPID controllers often suffer from sensitive tuning and suboptimal performance, and existing optimization methods lack a hybrid mechanism tailored to the rapidly varying environmental conditions of such systems, which results in reduced power quality and higher harmonic distortion. To address these gaps, this work proposes a novel SPU‐HBO hybrid optimization algorithm, which integrates SSA and HBA to enhance convergence speed, solution accuracy, and robustness. The SPU‐HBO is used to optimally tune the FOPID controller for grid‐connected PV/Wind/Battery systems, which ensures stable operation under fast‐changing conditions. The proposed method achieves superior power quality, significantly reducing THD and demonstrates improved dynamic performance and robustness compared to conventional optimization techniques such as SSA, HBA, GWO, and IPF. Accordingly, the convergence study shows the proposed SPU‐HBO achieves a minimum cost of 0.22351, which outperforms GWO, SSA, HBA, PSO, GA, and WOA. Additionally, the proposed SPU‐HBO algorithm achieves the lowest THD of 0.11% in grid voltage, compared to GWO (0.67%), HBA (0.12%), IPF (3.98%), and SSA (0.12%), which demonstrates superior harmonic reduction and improved power quality.