The quality of higher education has emerged as a critical concern in the context of globalization,massification, and increasing competition among institutions. The primary research problem addressedin this study is the lack of a unified and comprehensive framework for assessing quality in higher educationinstitutions. While numerous models and indicators exist, inconsistencies in their application hindereffective evaluation and improvement. The objectives of this study are to examine existing qualitymeasures, analyze their effectiveness, and identify gaps in the current literature. This study adopts aqualitative research methodology based on secondary data collected from scholarly articles, reports, andinstitutional frameworks. A systematic review approach is used to synthesize findings. Key findingsindicate that quality in higher education is multidimensional, encompassing teaching effectiveness,research output, infrastructure, governance, and student satisfaction. However, existing measures oftenemphasize quantitative indicators, neglecting qualitative aspects such as critical thinking and employabilityskills. Additionally, there is a lack of context-specific models, particularly in developing countries. Thestudy concludes that there is a pressing need for a holistic and flexible quality assurance framework thatintegrates both quantitative and qualitative indicators. Policymakers and institutions must adopt adaptivestrategies that align with evolving educational demands. This research contributes by highlighting thelimitations of current approaches and suggesting directions for future improvement.
ideal research review (Thu,) studied this question.