Abstract: Hepatotoxicity, the adverse effect of various substances on liver health, poses significant challenges in clinical practice and drug development. This review explores the multifaceted landscape of hepatotoxicity induced by drugs, herbal plants, and other agents, providing insights into their mechanisms, risk factors, and clinical implications. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a major concern, with both prescription and over-the-counter medications implicated in hepatotoxic reactions. Herbal plants, often perceived as natural remedies, can also harbour hepatotoxic compounds, highlighting the importance of rigorous safety assessments. Other agents, including environmental pollutants and industrial chemicals, contribute to liver injury through various pathways. This review discusses the complex interplay between hepatotoxic agents and host factors, including genetic predisposition, metabolic pathways, and immune responses. Biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of hepatotoxicity are evaluated to improve clinical outcomes and facilitate drug development processes. Furthermore, the role of preclinical models in predicting hepatotoxicity and elucidating underlying mechanisms is examined, emphasizing the need for robust translational research. In conclusion, navigating hepatotoxicity requires a comprehensive understanding of the diverse agents and pathways involved, vigilant surveillance, and proactive risk management strategies. By elucidating the mechanisms and risk factors associated with drugs, herbal plants, and other agents that induce liver injury, this review aims to guide clinicians, researchers, and regulatory agencies in mitigating the impact of hepatotoxicity on public health and drug safety.
Kesari et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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