What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to explore how bioelectronic-nanopore systems improve drug delivery through real-time feedback and precision dosing.

April 14, 2026

Bioelectronic-Nanopore Integrated Smart Drug Delivery Systems: ANext-Generation Interface of Precision Dosing and Real-Time TherapeuticFeedback

Key Points

The research aims to explore how bioelectronic-nanopore systems improve drug delivery through real-time feedback and precision dosing.
Literature review conducted on studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from 2015 to 2025.
Analysis of bioelectronic-nanopore integration focusing on design, applications, and challenges.
Synthesis of findings related to in vitro, in vivo studies, and clinical prototypes.
Bioelectronic-nanopore systems allow programmable release of drugs, responding to electrical, chemical, or biological signals.
Real-time biosensors monitor biomarkers such as glucose and pH for dose optimization.
Evidence suggests enhanced therapeutic outcomes with fewer side effects in applications for diabetes management, targeted chemotherapy, and neurological disorders.

Abstract

The convergence of bioelectronics and nanopore technology has ushered in a new era of smart drug delivery systems. Conventional delivery methods suffer from limitations, including poor bioavailability, off-target effects, and a lack of temporal control. In contrast, bioelectronicnanopore systems integrate biosensors, actuators, and programmable nanopores to provide precise, feedback-driven drug release in real time. This review critically examines the role of bioelectronic-nanopore integrated systems in advancing precision medicine by analyzing their mechanisms, applications, advantages over conventional delivery platforms, and translational challenges. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, focusing on studies published between 2015 and 2025. Keywords included “bioelectronics,” “nanopores,” “smart drug delivery,” “biosensors,” and “precision medicine.” Relevant articles describing system design, in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical prototypes, and translational aspects were reviewed and synthesized. Bioelectronic-nanopore systems demonstrated programmable and stimuli-responsive release triggered by electrical, chemical, or biological cues. Integrated biosensors enabled real-time monitoring of biomarkers, including glucose, pH, and cytokines, enabling adaptive feedback loops for dose optimization. Applications have been reported in diabetes management, targeted chemotherapy, neurological disorders, and inflammatory conditions, with preclinical evidence highlighting enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. Wearable and implantable prototypes incorporating wireless communication and AI-driven control show promise for clinical translation. Bioelectronic-nanopore drug delivery systems represent a transformative shift from passive to intelligent, adaptive therapies. While challenges remain in biocompatibility, scalability, and regulation, these platforms hold strong potential to revolutionize patient-specific, minimally invasive, and real-time responsive precision medicine.

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