This article examines the key challenges and emerging prospects for achieving environmental sustainability in Nigeria’s maritime shipping industry. As a vital driver of economic growth and international trade, the maritime sector plays a significant role in Nigeria’s development. However, the industry is also a major contributor to environmental degradation through oil spills, ballast water discharge, greenhouse gas emissions, and improper waste management practices. These environmental concerns pose serious threats to marine ecosystems, coastal communities, and long-term economic sustainability. The study adopts a doctrinal and analytical approach to explore the structural, legal, and institutional barriers that hinder effective environmental governance in the maritime sector. It identifies critical challenges, including weak enforcement of environmental laws, inadequate monitoring and surveillance systems, limited institutional capacity, and pervasive corruption. Additionally, overlapping regulatory mandates among government agencies and insufficient political will have further complicated efforts to ensure compliance with environmental standards. Despite these challenges, the article highlights several prospects for advancing environmental sustainability in Nigeria’s maritime industry. These include the growing adoption of the Blue Economy framework, increased global pressure to comply with international environmental standards, and emerging innovations in green shipping technologies. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating sustainable practices such as cleaner fuel adoption, energy-efficient vessel operations, and improved waste management systems. The article concludes that while the challenges are significant, they are not insurmountable. With strategic policy reforms, strengthened institutional frameworks, and increased investment in sustainable technologies, Nigeria can transition towards a more environmentally responsible maritime sector. The study recommends enhanced regulatory enforcement, stakeholder collaboration, and alignment with global sustainability goals to unlock the full potential of the industry.
Bigha et al. (Mon,) studied this question.