Abstract: Drug delivery systems are extensively studied to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes when treatment regimens are provided to patients. Intranasal drug delivery is a promising, non-invasive method for administering treatments for local and systemic diseases, central nervous system disorders, and mucosal vaccinations. The nasal cavity's extensive vascular network enables rapid drug absorption through a single layer of epithelial cells, allowing direct entry into systemic circulation while bypassing hepatic and intestinal metabolism, a common drawback of oral administration. Therefore, it is critical to conduct a systematic review to explore current knowledge in the literature as a reference for researchers working in this field. This review examines the mechanisms of nasal drug absorption and the key factors influencing delivery efficiency, including drug physicochemical properties and formulation approaches. It also explores advanced nasal drug delivery systems, including various types of nanoparticles, and their role in improving drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. In conclusion, this review underscores the potential of intranasal drug delivery to improve treatment outcomes and patient compliance, paving the way for more effective, targeted therapies.
Kee et al. (Tue,) studied this question.