Public Perception of Renewable Energy as a Fossil Fuel Alternative in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study from Riyadh

This research explores public awareness, perceptions, and behavioral attitudes toward renewable energy in Saudi Arabia, drawing on data from a sample of 217 respondents predominantly based in the Riyadh region. The demographic profile reveals a diverse age distribution, with a notable concentration of younger participants, particularly those aged 16–25, who constituted 40.1% of the sample. Employing a descriptive survey design, the research explores key themes including environmental attitudes, economic considerations, personal behavior, media influence, and educational engagement. The findings indicate strong public support for the national transition to renewable energy, with 73.4% of the respondents expressing confidence in its potential as a primary energy source. Many of the respondents recognized both the ecological and financial advantages of renewable technologies, such as reduced emissions and job creation. The participants widely acknowledged the environmental and economic benefits of renewable technologies, such as reduced pollution and job creation. However, concerns persist regarding fossil fuel dependency, energy transition costs, and the adequacy of current educational and media efforts. The statistical analysis revealed significant associations between awareness levels and favorable attitudes toward investing in renewables. The results underscore the importance of targeted educational initiatives, strengthened communication strategies, and enhanced institutional transparency to reinforce public engagement and facilitate Saudi Arabia’s sustainable energy goals under Vision 2030.