THE COSMOLOGICAL HYPERSPHERE: a critical–propositional reading of the article A New Perspective on Hubble's Law Through a Four-Dimensional Spatial Model: 4-Sphere-Cosmology, by Claudio Marchesan, in confrontation with the Theory of Objectivity

This article presents a critical–propositional examination of Claudio Marchesan’s cosmological proposal, A New Perspective on Hubble’s Law Through a Four-Dimensional Spatial Model: 4-Sphere-Cosmology, in confrontation with the Theory of Objectivity (TO). The study analyzes the article’s central claims concerning a four-dimensional hyperspherical universe, the reinterpretation of Hubble’s law, the predominantly Doppler-like treatment of galactic redshift, the structuring role of the cosmic microwave background, and the recovery of global energy conservation at the 4D level. The paper investigates possible compatibilities and tensions between Marchesan’s model and the modal axioms of the Theory of Objectivity, articulating the discussion with phenomenic elements, Inductive Effects, the TO cosmogonic theorem, and the cosmological Eras of the Theory of Objectivity. It argues that Marchesan’s work has genuine heuristic value, especially in reopening structural cosmological questions and in challenging excessive dependence on standard FLRW assumptions, while also maintaining that the proposal remains ontologically incomplete from the standpoint of TO because it postulates a global geometry without deducing it from modal necessity. The article further situates this confrontation within the foundational bibliography of TO, its recent developments, and a broader supporting bibliography in physics, cosmology, and philosophy of science. In this way, the study not only offers a critical reading of Marchesan’s proposal, but also advances a constructive program for how the Theory of Objectivity may absorb, correct, and surpass the 4-sphere hypothesis within a more rigorous modal ontology of cosmic emergence. Authors’ note: This analytical article benefited from the analytical support of ChatGPT. KeywordsTheory of Objectivity; Claudio Marchesan; 4-Sphere Cosmology; Hubble’s Law; Redshift; Cosmic Microwave Background; Modal Ontology; Cosmology; Philosophy of Physics; Cosmogony; Phenomenic Elements; Inductive Effects; JWST; Energy Conservation; Alternative Cosmology