Mathematical modeling of Semi-transparent photovoltaic (STPV) panels and Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems suited to residential and greenhouse application

Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV ) have become a widely recognized concept for energy efficiency of buildings, by means of replacing normal building materials with PV modules that can be effortlessly integrated onto building coverings. A methodology for the integral energy performance characterization (thermal, electrical and economic behavior) of Semi-transparent photovoltaic (STPV) and BIPV elements under actual operation conditions is presented in this study. Besides an attempt is made to utilize the power generation equations in the translucent panels, The optical properties of light transmission in broad wavelength ranges, combining with the energy conservation laws have been applied to present a mathematical model of decision-making about the use of translucent panels and optimize the energy consumption at two different building cases have been reported. In order to solve the proposed optimization model and mathematical framework, the DICOPT solver in GAMS has been utilized. The main question of this study is: In addition to energy production, how much energy consumption of the building will be reduced, if STPV panels have been used to the modeling of the smart building. • STPV panels reduce greenhouse energy costs by over 70% in simulations. • Smart building study shows STPV reduces lighting energy by 20%. • Optimized STPV improves thermal, electrical, and optical efficiency. • Economic challenges limit STPV adoption in regions with low energy prices. • Installing semi-transparent photovoltaic (STPV) panels on building facades significantly enhances energy efficiency.