Crystal growth remains a critical scientific and industrial discipline with ramifications spanning materials science, semiconductor fabrication, drug formulation, and photonics. During 2022–2025, substantial progress has been made through innovative confinement strategies, machine learning (ML) for predictive and process optimization, and pharmaceutical crystallization control. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent advances in confinement-induced nucleation and growth control, the integration of ML and artificial intelligence into crystal engineering, and pharmaceutical crystallization methodologies targeting polymorphism, size distribution, and pharmaceutical performance. We highlight emerging methodology, challenges, and directions for future research.
Nilesh Subhash Shinde (Sat,) studied this question.