Framing Spatial Decision Support Systems – A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Digital Decision Making in Spatial Planning

Spatial planning must resolve increasingly complex land-use conflicts that arise from competing demands on land and space (Hersperger et al. 2015, p. 6, Danielzyk and Münter 2018, p. 1932). These divergent interests stem from heterogeneous stakeholder groups involved in spatial development processes, resulting in multidimensional planning concepts that must integrate socioeconomic, ecological, cultural, technical and ethical dimensions (Bottero et al. 2019, p. 1). Ongoing digitalization in spatial planning (cf. van Winden and Carvalho 2017, p. 3; Pallagst et al. 2022) is accelerating the adoption of Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS), which promise not only faster but also more transparent and evidence-based decision-making within planning processes (Crossland et al. 1995, p. 226). Yet, despite their increasing relevance, SDSS remain insufficiently conceptualized with regard to their decision logic, technological architectures, and underlying data foundations. Ghattas (2018) suggested that further research is needed to better understand the various assessment tools available in sustainable spatial planning. This contribution deals with the first integrative systematization of SDSS by linking theory on decision making in spatial planning with data and software engineering. Within the research project Ageing Smart – Designing Spaces Intelligently, researchers from various disciplines have collaboratively designed a classification framework through iterative workshops, in-depth research on theory and learnings from selected SDSS samples that merge theoretical insights from planning decision processes with perspectives on functionality, technology and data. This allows for a revised perspective and understanding, empowering researchers to better assess the significance and possibilities of digital tools in planning in the future.