Character education development must begin at an early age by optimizing various learning strategies that align with contemporary challenges. One effective approach is to strengthen collaboration between teachers, parents, and the community. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze character development in early childhood and to examine the challenges and solutions that may arise during the process of character education development. This research employs a systematic literature review method, utilizing articles published between 2014 and 2024 from two reputable and credible databases: Scopus and Crossref. The analysis was conducted using the PRISMA approach. The findings of the study include: the implementation of flagship character-based programs, collaboration among schools, parents, and communities, innovation in interactive learning models, optimization of digital and social media, enhancement of professional competence among early childhood education teachers, and the integration of religious and multicultural values. Meanwhile, several challenges in developing character education in early childhood were identified, such as the urgent need to improve teacher competence, particularly in the use of instructional media. The main solutions involve increasing teacher capacity through training, workshops, seminars, and the development of sustainable programs by institutions or the government. This study thus provides practical contributions that can serve as a reference for academics and early childhood educators in optimizing character formation in young children. Collaboration with various stakeholders and the development of structured programs are essential and inseparable components of the school environment.
Arif et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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