Current Status and Restoration Challenges of Riparian Forests in the Kur Araz Lowland (Azerbaijan)

Forests constitute a fundamental component of the biosphere, playing a critical role in maintaining ecological balance, regulating climate, and protecting soil resources. Riparian forests of the Kur-Araz lowland represent one of the most valuable natural ecosystems in Azerbaijan, particularly within arid and semi-arid landscapes. However, recent studies indicate a significant decline in their spatial extent and ecological integrity, primarily due to longterm anthropogenic pressures. This paper examines the current condition, structural characteristics, and degradation processes of riparian forests along the Kur river. Special attention is given to restoration strategies, species composition, and the ecological importance of these forests in sustaining biodiversity and stabilizing environmental conditions.