IOT-Based Monitoring of Electrical Substation Parameters

The reliable operation of electrical substations is essential for maintaining stability and continuity in power systems. This paper presents an IoT-based monitoring system designed to observe critical substation parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, frequency, and power in real time. The proposed system integrates sensors with a microcontroller (Arduino/ESP8266) to collect data continuously and transmit it to a cloud platform using Wi-Fi communication. The monitored data is displayed locally on an LCD and remotely through a web or mobile interface, enabling efficient supervision without physical presence. The system also provides timely detection of abnormal conditions, supporting preventive maintenance and reducing the risk of equipment failure. Experimental results demonstrate that the system accurately measures parameters under varying load conditions and updates them continuously to the cloud. The graphical visualization of data further aids in performance analysis and fault identification. Overall, the proposed solution enhances reliability, reduces manual intervention, and contributes to the development of smart and efficient power system monitoring.