The rapid evolution of cloud-native computing has positioned Kubernetes as the de-facto standard for container orchestration in production environments. While managed Kubernetes offerings (AWS EKS, Google GKE, Azure AKS) simplify cluster operations, they introduce significant recurring costs, vendor lock-in, and reduced operational transparency. For organizations at the intersection of cost efficiency and engineering rigour, self-hosted bare-metal Kubernetes clusters represent a compelling alternative — provided the associated infrastructure complexity is systematically addressed
Yadav et al. (Mon,) studied this question.