The mechanical behavior of solid materials and biological tissues represents a fundamental area of study bridging physics, biology, and clinical medicine. This article provides an in-depth analysis of stress–strain relationships, elasticity, plasticity, and viscoelasticity, with a particular focus on how these principles apply to living tissues such as bone, muscle, tendon, and cartilage. Unlike conventional solid materials, biological tissues exhibit nonlinear, anisotropic, and time-dependent mechanical properties due to their complex microstructure and biochemical composition. Understanding these characteristics is essential for clinical applications, including trauma management, orthopedic surgery, prosthetic design, and rehabilitation medicine.
Buzrukov et al. (Tue,) studied this question.