This paper dives into the design and implementation of a smart irrigation system powered by IoT, which cleverly uses soil moisture sensors and automated controls. The system features a soil moisture sensor that keeps a close eye on soil conditions, while a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller processes the data and manages the irrigation. When the soil moisture dips below a set threshold, a relay module kicks in to activate a water pump, ensuring that irrigation is just right and that water waste is kept to a minimum. An I2C LCD display offers real-time feedback on the system's status, and with IoT integration, you can monitor everything remotely via cloud platforms. This setup not only boosts water efficiency but also cuts down on manual work and promotes sustainable farming practices..
KEERTHI et al. (Wed,) studied this question.