What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to investigate the historical phonetic shift of Indo-European velars in Italic languages.

April 24, 2026

The pure Velars + w in Italic

Key Points

The study aims to investigate the historical phonetic shift of Indo-European velars in Italic languages.
Analysis of literary references from sources like Walde and Brugmann.
Comparison of phonetic representations across various languages, including Latin and Lithuanian.
Identified that some phonetic changes are pre-Italic rather than Latin.
Proposed that two distinct meanings may be represented in the term invītāre based on semantic analysis.

Abstract

IE qw - : Italic v - For examples cf. Walde, Et. Wb. under invītus, vapidus, vapor, and Brugmann, Gr. I 2 321. As noted above, this change is not Latin nor even Italic, but pre-Italic. For if IE qw - had come down into Italic as kw-, it would have fallen together with q w -. If Persson, Beitr. 520 ff., is correct in regard to the primary meaning of invītāre, this must be dropped from the list. But perhaps two different words are represented in invītāre : one connected as given by Persson 1.c., and the other related to Lith. kv sti, as usually given.

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