FDI Determinants, Make-in-India PLI Scheme Performance and China+1 Manufacturing Relocation in the Indian Industrial Landscape

India's ambition to become a USD 5 trillion economy by 2027 and a USD 30 trillion economy by 2047 rests critically on its ability to attract and sustain foreign direct investment — particularly in manufacturing, where India's share of global exports remains approximately 1.7% versus China's 14.8%, Vietnam's 4.2%, and Bangladesh's 1.2% for comparable labour-intensive categories. The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme — launched across 14 sectors with a total incentive budget of ₹1.97 lakh crore over five years — represents the most ambitious industrial policy initiative in post-liberalisation India, designed to create globally competitive manufacturing anchors in electronics, pharmaceuticals, automotive, textiles, food processing, and seven other sectors. This study evaluates FDI determinants in India across 2015-2024 using panel gravity model analysis (n=42 source countries), PLI scheme investment realisation and employment generation across seven sectors through 2024, and China+1 manufacturing relocation feasibility through a seven-country benchmarking on cost, quality, infrastructure, and risk dimensions. PLI schemes have attracted ₹3.28 lakh crore in committed investment and created 847,000 direct jobs across seven sectors by FY2024. India's China+1 competitiveness is strongest in Electronics (composite score 84/100), Pharmaceuticals (82/100), and Automotive/EV (78/100), and weakest in low-wage textiles where Bangladesh and Vietnam retain decisive cost advantages. The University of Hamburg collaboration contributes the IB gravity model methodology and comparative FDI determinant analysis from European investment research.