What question did this study set out to answer?

To identify systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduction thresholds linked to favorable outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

April 29, 2026

Title: Relative Reductions in Systolic Blood Pressure and Functional Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A pooled analysis of four INTERACT and ATACH-2 individual participant data

Key Points

To identify systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduction thresholds linked to favorable outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
Conducted individual participant data meta-analysis of 5 randomized trials (INTERACT1-4 and ATACH-II).
Measured relative SBP reduction as percentage decrease at 1 hour and 24 hours.
Analyzed associations with functional outcomes using ordinal logistic regression and explored interactions by various patient characteristics.
Included 11,283 participants, with a mean baseline SBP of 176.9 mmHg.
Found a U-shaped association between 1-hour relative SBP reduction and functional outcome, with optimal reduction around 20%.
Observed similar U-shaped trend for 24-hour reduction, with maximum benefit at approximately 30%.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Early intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering improves outcome after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but the optimal degree of early systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduction remains uncertain. AIMS: We aimed to identify relative SBP reduction thresholds associated with the most favorable functional outcome after ICH. METHODS: We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis of 5 randomized trials of acute BP lowering in ICH (INTERACT1-4 and ATACH-II). The relative reduction measurements in SBP were defined as the percentage decrease (a) from baseline SBP to the lowest SBP in 1-hour (primary) and (b) from baseline SBP to the achieved mean of SBP between 1-24 hours. Associations with functional outcome, assessed as an unfavorable shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at the end of follow-up (90 or 180 days), were examined in multivariable ordinal logistic regression models and tested for non-linearly using restricted cubic splines. Heterogeneity of associations between the 1-hour relative SBP reduction and functional outcome by age, sex, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, baseline SBP, and hematoma volume were further explored by including each interaction term into the models. RESULTS: Among 11,283 participants (mean age, 62.6 years; 36.0% female; mean baseline SBP, 176.9 mmHg), the association between 1-hour relative SBP reduction and unfavorable functional outcome was U-shaped with an inflection nadir at around 20%. Associations differed by sex, baseline SBP, and history of diabetes (all p for interaction <0.05). A similar U-shaped association was also observed in relation to the relative SBP reduction from baseline to the achieved level in 1-24 hours, with greatest apparent benefit at approximately 30%. CONCLUSIONS: In acute ICH, a first‑hour relative SBP reduction of around 20% and a 24‑hour reduction target of 30%, individualized to the presenting SBP, were associated with the most favorable functional outcome. Larger reductions may attenuate the benefit and should be applied cautiously, particularly in patients with very high baseline SBP.

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