Refuge Sphere Lunar Village: A Modular Superconducting Habitat Architecture for Permanent Lunar Bases and Beyond

Conceptual proposal for a modular habitat architecture for permanent lunar bases — and surface bases on Mars and other planetary bodies — based on the Refuge Sphere superconducting technology (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19822922). The proposed Refuge Sphere Lunar Village consists of interconnected YBCO superconducting spherical modules achieving exact B = 0 internal magnetic field via the Meissner effect — the only habitat concept providing isotropic, theoretically exact field-free radiation protection. A centralized cryogenic LN2 system serves all modules simultaneously. During SPE/CME events, all modules transition to maximum protection without crew movement. Key advantages over existing concepts (SR2S, CREW HaT, NASA toroidal coil arrays): exact B = 0 vs B ≈ 0 of toroidal configurations; no excavation required for Mars surface bases (eliminating the need for underground habitats); lunar thermal cycle exploited as cryogenic energy asset; modular scalability from 5 to 50+ crew; dual use as permanent habitat and emergency radiation shelter. Reference initial configuration: 7 modules (1 large Ø 10–12 m, 4 medium Ø 5–6 m, 2 small Ø 3 m), 5–10 persons, centralized cryogenic plant. A detailed technical document is in preparation.