The increasing complexity of modern and today’s society, shaped by technological advancement, information expansion, and evolving social dynamics, has created a strong need for advanced thinking abilities. Individuals are expected to evaluate and examine information critically, reflect on diverse perspectives, and make reasoned decisions in uncertain situations and context. In this context, Socratic philosophical and psychological perspectives offer a meaningful and useful framework for enhancing thinking of human beings. This paper examines and evaluates Socratic inquiry as both a philosophical orientation and psychological aspects that helps deeper understanding, intellectual discipline, and cognitive development. It explores and expresses key elements of Socratic thought, including systematic questioning, dialogue, and intellectual humility, and analyzes their role in promoting self awareness and analytical reasoning. The study also connects Socratic inquiry with psychological constructs such as metacognition, cognitive conflict, and constructivist learning to explain how thinking is refined through reflective engagement and involvement. The paper highlights and focuses the application of the Socratic Method in education and its relevance in broader social contexts such as decision making, , democratic participation and ethical reasoning. It concludes that integrating Socratic principles into educational and social practices can significantly enhance thinking and contribute to the development of reflective and responsible individuals.
Kumar et al. (Thu,) studied this question.