On the Fundamental Nature of Spacetime: A New Theoretical Framework

This paper proposes a novel cosmic model that takes universal elementary particles as the fundamental constituent units of the universe and regards the global material coupling interaction as the core dynamic mechanism. Without presupposing absolute spacetime or taking the equivalence principle as a priori axiom, the model strictly deduces the equivalence of inertial mass and gravitational mass naturally from the distribution, correlation and evolution of elementary particles. It defines time flow velocity as the change rate of the coupling state of elementary particles, and provides a unified explanation for gravitational time dilation and kinetic time dilation. Ordinary matter and dark matter are unified as different coupling configurations of the same elementary particle, with energy formulas for their mutual transformation derived. Finally, based on the collective coupling effect, this paper explains why individual dark matter particles are undetectable, while large-scale dark matter fluids can interact with conventional matter and thus be observed. Consistent with the experimentally verified results of general relativity, this model delivers a more fundamental and unified physical framework, offering a new theoretical approach to major fundamental physical issues including the nature of dark matter, the origin of inertia and the essence of spacetime.