What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to assess and enhance the hosting capacity of distribution networks, focusing on the reactive power capabilities of inverters and network reconfiguration.

May 1, 2026Open Access

Optimization-Based Hosting Capacity Assessment and Enhancement Considering Inverter VAR Capabilities and Network Reconfiguration

Key Points

This research aims to assess and enhance the hosting capacity of distribution networks, focusing on the reactive power capabilities of inverters and network reconfiguration.
Utilized an optimization-based approach to assess hosting capacity considering overvoltage and line overload constraints.
Extended the methodology to include network reconfiguration using switchable branches for alleviating congestion.
Applied a linearized power flow model and formulated the problem as a convex optimization task.
Reactive power optimization effectively redistributes hosting capacity across nodes, improving power quality.
Incorporating network reconfiguration enhances hosting capacity significantly in scenarios with fixed network topology constraints.
Simulation on the IEEE 33-bus and UKGDS 95-bus systems validates the framework's effectiveness across different scales.

Abstract

The integration of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, and energy storage systems, into distribution networks necessitates accurate estimation of hosting capacity (HC). This paper presents an optimization-based approach for HC assessment and enhancement, which considers both overvoltage and line overload constraints and incorporates the reactive power (VAR) capabilities of DER inverters. Furthermore, the methodology is extended to include network reconfiguration, leveraging switchable branches to alleviate network congestion and further enhance DER integration. The proposed method utilizes a linearized power flow model to ensure computational efficiency and formulates the problem as a convex optimization task when considering only inverter VAR capabilities. The framework jointly addresses overvoltage, line overload, and inverter VAR capability constraints through linear and second-order cone constraints. In the extended formulation that includes network reconfiguration, binary decision variables are introduced to model switch statuses, resulting in a mixed-integer optimization problem. Simulation results based on the IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate that reactive power optimization can effectively redistribute HC across nodes, improving power quality in congested networks. Additionally, the incorporation of network reconfiguration provides further HC enhancement, particularly in scenarios where fixed network topology severely limits DER integration. Simulation studies are further extended to the UKGDS 95-bus system, which is derived from a real UK distribution network and incorporates a 33/11 kV on-load tap changer (OLTC) transformer, thereby providing a more practically representative validation platform. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework is effective across networks of different scales and complexities. The proposed approach offers a flexible and efficient tool for modern distribution network planning, supporting high-penetration DER integration while maintaining grid stability and operational reliability.

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