The growing interest in plant-derived bioactive secondary metabolites has renewed attentionto grape pomace as a promising source within the context of sustainable and circularbioeconomy strategies. Its chemically diverse composition, influenced by cultivar, climate,and processing conditions, has shown a wide range of biological activities, includingantioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects.Several reviews have addressed its composition, bioactivity, extraction, and applications,but a more integrated understanding of the molecular mechanisms is still needed. Thisreview synthesizes recent evidence on the mechanistic actions of grape pomace metabolites,highlighting their involvement in key pathways such as Nrf2-mediated antioxidantdefense, NF-κB-regulated inflammation, AMPK/SIRT1-dependent metabolic regulation,apoptosis-related signaling, and microbiota-driven phenolic metabolism. It also discusseschallenges related to raw material variability, process standardization, and industrialscalability, and explores how advances in chemometrics, omics technologies, and datadrivenoptimization can support future development. Therefore, it provides an integratedperspective linking mechanistic insights with technological considerations to advance thesustainable valorization of grape pomace.
Trif et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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