A fundamental conjecture formulated by Thakur in 2009, which has guided significant developments in function field arithmetic, asserts that multiple zeta values (MZV's) in positive characteristic of fixed weight are linearly independent over Fq. In this paper we settle this conjecture by determining the precise threshold for this independence. We prove that linear independence holds for all weights up to 2q, while for weight 2q+1 we establish the existence of a unique and explicit Fq-linear relation. This result provides the first counterexample to Thakur's conjecture. Our proof relies on a new connection between MZVs and Carlitz multiple polylogarithms over Fq, generalizing a central result of IKLNDP24. We also introduce a modification of the algorithm from ND21 that yields a weight-preserving operator acting on Fq-linear relations, providing the algebraic framework for these results.
Im et al. (Tue,) studied this question.