This study investigates the relationship between human development and key economic indicators, per capita GDP, unemployment rate, trade volume, and income inequality, using annual data from 12 Turkish regions between 2013 and 2023. Employing PDOLS and Panel VAR Granger Causality Test, the findings reveal significant short- and long-term links. While GDP positively influences human development, unemployment negatively affects it, and trade volume positively affects it. No significant direct relationship was found between income inequality and human development. The results emphasise that sustainable human development requires economic growth and inclusive policies for health, education, and social welfare.
Seda Sağlamyürek Taşdemir (Tue,) studied this question.
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