Background: Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in maintaining normal brain function and cognitive processes. Hypothyroidism has been associated with cognitive decline due to its effects on neuronal metabolism and neurotransmission. This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dementia among hypothyroid patients and assess the association between thyroid dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among 100 patients diagnosed with thyroid disorders. Data collected included demographic details, thyroid function tests (TSH, Free T3, Free T4), and cognitive assessment using MMSE and cognitive scoring systems. Statistical analysis included Chi-square test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. Results: Dementia was observed in 53% of patients. A significant association was found between thyroid condition and dementia severity (p = 0.009). TSH showed a negative correlation (r = -0.261), while Free T4 showed a positive correlation (r = 0.313) with cognitive scores. Age was significantly associated with dementia severity (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is significantly associated with cognitive impairment. Early screening and management may help prevent progression of dementia.
Dr. Syed Aseem1*, Syed Shareef2, Ghousia Noorain3, Muqtar Begum4, Soud Bin Shakeel5 (Fri,) studied this question.