trajectories using root mean square (RMS), mean velocity (MV), maximum deviation (MD), and centroid frequency (CF), and analyzed with linear mixed-effects (LME) models. Continuous normal-force feedback significantly reduced sway magnitude (RMS; p 0.05) suggests that normal-force feedback provided similar benefits across visual conditions in the present study. These findings support the potential of continuous normal-force feedback as a physiologically grounded sensory augmentation strategy that contributes to postural regulation and may inform the development of future wearable balance-assistance devices. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying this visual-tactile integration, as well as its effectiveness in broader populations, remain to be elucidated.
Guo et al. (Wed,) studied this question.