BECU–OLON: The Observable Signature of a Universal Structural Threshold

This work identifies a universal structural threshold as an observable organizing principle across independent physical regimes. Building on the observational closure established in Paper A and the theoretical derivation presented in Paper C, the present study isolates the physical role of the structural parameter (K) as a state variable controlling dynamical behavior. A single critical value consistently separates distinct regimes across galaxy dynamics, gravitational lensing, and cosmological observables. The threshold is not introduced as a fitted parameter, but emerges coherently across independent datasets, indicating a common structural origin of apparently disparate phenomena. Rather than introducing additional components, the framework interprets gravitational behavior as a response to baryonic structure, with the threshold marking the transition between physical regimes. Combined with Paper A (observational validation) and Paper C (theoretical foundation), this work completes a unified, testable framework in which structure governs dynamics across scales.