Telepharmacy represents a transformative approach to pharmaceutical care, utilizing information and communication technology (ICT) to bridge the gap between pharmacists and patients when physical presence is not feasible. As of 2026, telepharmacy has evolved from a simple remote dispensing tool into a sophisticated, AI-integrated ecosystem that serves as a cornerstone of modern digital healthcare. Current research highlights the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to automate complex clinical workflows, such as predictive medication adherence monitoring, real-time drug interaction screening, and automated medication reconciliation. Beyond addressing the persistent global shortage of pharmacists and the rise of "pharmacy deserts," contemporary telepharmacy models now incorporate Interoperability 2.0, seamlessly linking electronic health records (EHRs) with wearable health technology to provide proactive, data-driven patient consultations. While the enforcement of the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) has bolstered the security and transparency of the pharmaceutical supply chain, the industry continues to navigate a shifting regulatory landscape and the critical need for enhanced cybersecurity frameworks. Ultimately, the 2026 telepharmacy landscape represents a shift toward a patient-centric, direct-to-consumer (DTC) model, where virtual pharmacist engagement is no longer a secondary alternative but a primary, high-efficiency standard of care.
Mishra et al. (Sun,) studied this question.