Analysis on the Essence of the Four Fundamental Forces and the Homology of Gravitation and Strong Interaction(Final Version)

Modern physics classifies universal gravitation, electromagnetic force, strong interaction, and weak interaction as four completely independent fundamental forces, and has long been unable to unify macroscopic gravitation and microscopic nuclear force. Traditional theories introduce excessive additional assumptions, artificially increase the complexity of physical models, and deviate from the essential laws of mass interaction. This paper returns to the basic physical observables: mass, distance, electric charge, and energy conversion, to redefine the underlying mechanisms of the four fundamental interactions. Electromagnetic force is exclusive to charge interaction; weak force is essentially the process of neutron decay and energy release, both of which are completely heterologous to the mass attraction mechanism. Universal gravitation and strong interaction are homologous pure mass coupling interactions, following the exact same inverse-square mechanical structure. The two sets of action formulas have no artificial scope restrictions and are mathematically self-consistent globally. Only by corresponding to different spatial scales do they correspond to different orders of coupling constants. At the extreme scale of the atomic nucleus, the coupling constant is extremely large, manifesting as strong nuclear force; at the macroscopic scale, the coupling constant is extremely small, manifesting as universal gravitation. As distance increases, the strong force naturally diminishes to a negligible level according to the inverse-square law, without artificially defined action boundaries or additional assumptions about transmission media. Based on unifying gravitation and strong force, this paper further incorporates electromagnetic force and weak force into the same natural law framework, realizing the underlying unification of the four fundamental forces. This theory eliminates redundant hypotheses, completes the deep unification of macroscopic gravitation and microscopic strong force, and constructs a concise, self-consistent, and quantifiable new system of fundamental physics, with important innovative value for basic theory.