Gc-MS Analysis of Leaf Volatile Oil From Callistemon Citrinus (Curtis) Skeels and Comparative Composition Study of Global Varieties: Insights From Literature Data

Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels, a species belonging to the Myrtaceae family, is well-known for its fragrant essential oils, which have both therapeutic and industrial value. Among its various bioactive components, 1,8-cineole stands out due to its well-documented benefits in managing respiratory conditions. This research focuses on analyzing the chemical makeup of essential oil extracted from the leaves of Callistemon citrinus using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The objective is to compare the chemical profile of the Roorkee (India) sample with those reported from other regions around the world. The study aims to assess how geographical variation affects the oil's composition and explore its implications for medicinal and commercial use. Fresh leaves of Callistemon citrinus were collected from the Roorkee region in India for the study. Essential oils were obtained through hydro distillation and subjected to GC-MS analysis to identify and quantify the constituents. The analysis revealed the presence of 22 different volatile compounds. Published literature from various geographical locations was reviewed to facilitate comparative analysis. GC-MS profiling revealed that 1,8-cineole was the dominant compound, making up approximately 75.40% of the total oil content. Other key constituents included α-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, α-pinene, β-pinene, P-Cymene, and limonene. Notably, the 1,8-cineole concentration in the Roorkee sample was significantly higher than in oils extracted from most of the regions, suggesting potentially greater effectiveness for respiratory applications. This research offers a detailed overview of the chemical composition of Callistemon citrinus essential oil, with a particular focus on the notably high level of 1,8-cineole found in the samples collected from Roorkee. These findings suggest strong potential for its use in respiratory therapies, aromatherapy, and pharmaceutical formulations. The observed variation in oil composition across regions emphasizes the importance of considering geographical factors in essential oil standardization and commercialization.