Abstract This paper presents an optimized hybrid control strategy for managing a multisource power generation system comprising photovoltaic (PV) modules and battery energy storage for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. In the proposed configuration, the PV array serves as the primary energy source, while the battery system provides backup power to maintain a continuous, reliable power supply. However, the performance of PV systems is strongly influenced by environmental conditions, and variations in solar irradiance can lead to power losses if the system fails to operate consistently at the maximum power point. Conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, such as the perturb and observe (P&O) method, often suffer from steady-state oscillations and may not accurately track the optimal operating point under rapidly changing conditions. To overcome these limitations, a modified P&O MPPT algorithm is proposed that incorporates an adaptive step-size mechanism based on a predictive power-slope approach. In addition, an energy management strategy is developed to efficiently coordinate power flow among system components by dynamically regulating output power in response to real-time load demand and the battery state of charge. During periods of low solar irradiance, the battery storage compensates for the power shortfall. Simulation results obtained with MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the proposed controller achieves fast, efficient maximum power tracking within 0.3 s. Moreover, the proposed method has been compared with the conventional and modified P&O methods to illustrate its superiority under different weather conditions, thereby supporting its suitability for reliable and sustainable EV charging applications.
Mohammed et al. (Thu,) studied this question.