Dynamics and Constraints of Camel Production in Morocco: A Review

AbstractFor centuries, pastoralism has been one of the main pillars of livelihood systems in Morocco’s arid and semiarid regions. This traditional production system is now facing increasing environmental pressures and profound transformations driven by climate variability and socio-economic change across rural areas. As these pressures intensify, the dromedary remains a vital resource owing to its unique adaptive capacity to harsh environments. It occupies a distinctive position among livestock species: its market value tends to be more resilient during times of crisis and it remains the most valuable animal within both pastoral and agro-pastoral systems. More than 90% of the national camel population is concentrated in the southern regions of the country. This review paper examines the current status and dynamics of Morocco’s camel population, highlighting the main socio-economic drivers, constraints and opportunities within the sector. Available data indicate fluctuating herd trends, with a declining tendency in recent years. Although the marketing and processing of camel products remain limited, the sector is showing early signs of expansion and demonstrates considerable development potential. The camel sector continues to receive limited institutional and scientific attention and still faces major structural constraints, particularly recurrent drought, rangeland degradation and restricted market access.