Franco-German exchanges in Celtic scholarship. From synergy to estrangement (1870–1921)

abstract: This essay probes the multifaceted Franco-German intellectual relationship during pivotal moments in European history. Post-1871, France repositions itself academically, critically observing Germany's scientific ascendancy. Scholars like Ernest Lavisse champion reforms inspired by German models, but grapple with concerns over preserving 'French identity' in science. Celtic studies provide a contrasting narrative, where French linguists acknowledge Germany's institutional dominance. Figures like Meyer-Lübke and Windisch influence French pioneers such as Bréal and d'Arbois de Jubainville. Nonetheless, World War I fractures these collaborations. Kuno Meyer's propaganda for German imperialism alienates former allies, while French scholars like Joseph Vendryès respond with nationalist fervor. The text also explores the war's broader disruptions, evidenced by personal correspondences and the stagnation of academic institutions. Loth's and Berthou's reflections capture civilian resilience and intellectual persistence amid conflict. Drawing on journals like Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie and Revue celtique , the essay juxtaposes collaboration and competition to illustrate academia's vulnerability to geopolitics.