What question did this study set out to answer?

To develop a covert messaging protocol that ensures information-theoretic security via SMS.

May 7, 2026Open Access

Number Stations 2.0: Information-Theoretic Asynchronous Messaging via Public-Receive SMS Infrastructure

Key Points

To develop a covert messaging protocol that ensures information-theoretic security via SMS.
Implemented a messaging protocol using one-time-pad encryption in SMS format.
Conducted a live test on 2026-05-05 with encryption via X25519 ECDH pairing.
Transmitted and decrypted messages using specific software and hardware.
Successfully dispatched plaintext 'luke5:4' as encrypted SMS.
Ensured correct decryption on Android using the established encryption method.
Demonstrated the feasibility of the message transmission protocol.

Abstract

We present Number Stations 2.0, a covert messaging protocol that achieves information-theoretic security by encrypting one-time-pad ciphertext into the format of standard mobile-phone one-time password (OTP) codes and depositing it on public-receive-SMS aggregator services. v2 adds Section 9: a confirmed end-to-end live test conducted 2026-05-05 — plaintext 'luke5:4' dispatched from macOS ARK v2.0, transmitted as NS2.0 envelopes via ARK Station node, decoded correctly on Android with pad established via X25519 ECDH remote pairing (no physical device contact).

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