Virtual Reality or Laptops? A Comparison of Two Formats for Developing Visualization Tools for Environmental Planning and Management

ABSTRACT Interactive and realistic visualization tools show strong potential for supporting participatory planning and stakeholder engagement in environmental management. These tools can be delivered as conventional computer applications or through virtual reality (VR), yet their comparative advantages remain unclear. Using the Millstream Creek Watershed (British Columbia, Canada) as a case study, this study compares computer‐based and VR versions of an interactive visualization tool to assess usability, experiential qualities, and perceived value in environmental planning and decision‐making. A mixed‐methods approach was employed through an open house and a series of workshops. Quantitative data from Likert‐scale responses were analyzed using single‐sample and dependent t ‐tests, while qualitative data from written responses and group discussion were examined using thematic coding. Results indicate that the VR tool performed more strongly in experiential qualities, including immersion, engagement, and realism, whereas the computer‐based version was rated more favorably for physical comfort. Both tools were positively evaluated in terms of perceived value, with VR showing stronger potential for community engagement. Qualitative findings further highlight the importance of soundscapes in enhancing experiential quality and suggest educational applications of interactive visualization tools. Overall, the study provides guidance for selecting visualization formats to support stakeholder and community engagement in environmental planning.